Apart from non-melanoma skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer in women of all races, with a lifetime risk of 1 in 27 in South Africa, according to the 2014 National Cancer Registry (NCR).
Risk factors: The risk of breast cancer increases as women grow older, but many women under the age of 40 are diagnosed with breast cancer. All women are at risk, and in particular women with a family history of breast cancer. Being overweight, inactive, consuming alcohol, poor dietary habits, smoking and exposure to chemicals also increase risk.
Melissa Willemse, cancer survivor: “When it comes to breast cancer, age is not a factor. The first doctor I saw immediately dismissed my question about the painful lump under my arm because I was too young for breast cancer. When I eventually went for a second opinion we found out I had stage 3 triple-negative breast cancer. I was 28 the first time and now at 32, I have just finished treatment for a recurrence. My advice is if you feel something is wrong don’t hesitate to get a second opinion. Cancer doesn’t care how old you are.”
Reduce Risk Through Regular Examinations
Breast Self-Examinations
While not all breast lumps indicate cancer, they should be investigated, especially if accompanied by other changes in breasts or the underarm area, such as lumps, texture changes, thickening, dimpling, changes in shape or size of nipples or breasts, tenderness, discharge, rash or swelling, or one breast suddenly being slightly larger than the other.
Research has shown that a regular Breast Self-Examination (BSE) plays an important role in discovering breast cancer, compared to finding a breast lump by chance. A BSE should be done once a month, preferably at the same time of day, following a woman’s menstrual cycle.
If you feel or see any change in your breasts or underarms, arrange for a Clinical Breast Examination at your local CANSA Care Centre, primary health care centre or health practitioner.
Clinical Breast Examinations
A Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) is a visual and manual examination of the entire breast, from the collarbone to the bra line, and from the armpit to the breast bone. It is advisable to have a CBE as part of your annual medical check-up.
Contact your local CANSA Care Centre, primary health care centre or health practitioner to arrange for a Clinical Breast Examination.
Ask Care Centre staff about Mobile Health Clinic visits scheduled in your community, especially if you live in a remote area. Should any abnormalities be detected, you will be referred for further testing by a medical professional.
For more information visit www.cansa.org.za/womens-health.